Islam
Père Zakaria Boutros

The author      : Father Zakaria Boutros
The publisher:  www.fatherzakaria.com
 

Introduction
This who thinks that Islam is discrediting Christianity or attacking its creeds is definitely mistaking, verily it is the contrary as Islam is showing friendliness to the Christianity as the quran says "Verily, you will find the strongest among men in enmity to the believers the Jews and those who are polytheisms, and you will find the nearest in love to the believers those who say: "We are Christians." That is because amongst them are priests and monks, and they are not proud." the table chapter (Surat Al-Ma'idah') 82
So I wrote these studies on the basis of the common ground between Christianity & Islam, based on what was mentioned in the bible & quran, of these studies three books had been published: A dialogue in Arab broadcast, God is one in trinity & the Christ, son of God
 
Actually the issue of crucifixion of the Christ is the quintessence of Christianity & its core around which all the theological creeds are centralized, for that we have to discuss it thoroughly. This discussion will include:

The crucifixion of the Christ, in which we will discuss the sin Microbe, the punishment verdict, the grace of forgiveness,
& another book will be published about Inevitability of the Redemption & the challenges about the crucifixion & their answers

We ask the lord to bless this work to be a light for the stray selves to guide them to the way of life to get through his grace of the salvation & to enjoy with him in the eternal gloriousness

First Chapter      :  the sin in Christianity
Second Chapter:   the sin in Islam
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

First Chapter
The sin Microbe

From the Christian point of view
 

"Therefore, as sin get into the world through one man, and death through sin; and so death passed to all men, because all sinned" (Romans 5:12)

The sin is the microbe that ruined the whole mankind & it is the main subject in the crucifixion of the Christ, but how sin gets into the world?  & how did it pass to all men?

To clarify this we have to talk about: Adam's sin & the sin of his offerings (i.e. the sin of whole mankind)

We will clarify this first from the Christian point of view then we will discuss it from islamic point of view

First: Adam's sin

Apostle Paul said "sin entered into the world through one man" (Romans 5:12)

Who is that man by whom sin get into the world? He was the first man, our father Adam by who sin get into the world

To clarify how sin get into the world through Adam, let us go back to the holy bible & read the first chapters of Genesis to see how God created Adam & Eve in a state of holiness & righteousness, meaning on God's righteous & holy image then he put them into the garden of Eden &  he said to them:" Of every tree of the garden you may freely eat, but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, you shall not eat of it ; for in the day that you eat of it you will surely die."
 (Genesis 2:17)

In spite of this we have seen Satan enticed Eve to eat & give her husband also "she took of its fruit, and ate; and she gave to her husband also, and he ate"
 (Genesis 3:6)

So Adam had sinned & disobeyed God's command & ate from the tree therefore sin get into the world
 
 

Second: the sin of Adam's offerings

Apostle Paul said "Death passed to all men, because all sinned" (Romans 5:12)

Actually by Adam's sin, the sin became a natural inclination for the whole mankind, its microbe spread in their blood, they committed the evil & transgression, so the holy bible said: There is none righteous not even one person, they have together become unprofitable" (Romans 3:12)

This is the miserable situation reached by mankind; people are craving for their bodily lusts, having friendship with the world, craving for procurement, self loving & getting away from God,

And the greatest adversity is that they see no sin in what they do & consider it natural
They regard those living with God as retarded living in the ignorance epochs

Even those religious people are having an enormous internal conflict as they find internal inclination dragging them to the sin. So from where did this evil inclination come? It's certainly the sin microbe inherited by man from his old ancestors Adam & Eve contaminated with that sin microbe

Third: the prophets' sins

Do you think dear reader that the prophets escaped from the sin microbe? No, as the whole human blood is contaminated, as the holy bible said" There is none righteous not even one person" (Romans 3:10)

And the prophets also as they are from Adam offspring, they inherited the sin microbe & fell in it, the holy bible mentions for every prophet his sins, let us mention here some of them as examples:

1) Abraham (Al-khalil):
Our father Abraham lied when he said about his wife that she is his sister to avoid being killed because of her (Genesis 12, 20)

2) Prophet Moses:
Prophet Moses killed the egyptian who was fighting with the Israeli & when he knew that what he had done was discovered he fled away to Sinai desert (Exodus 2)

3) Noah the Ark maker: He drank of the wine and got drunk & was uncovered (Genesis 9)

It will take much time to mention for everyone his numerous sins

From this dear reader it is obvious to you now our christian point of view as regards the sin microbe which first contaminated Adam and Eve then had been inherited by the whole mankind

The sin microbe in Islam

Adam's sin was mentioned also in the quran as it was mentioned in the holy bible, as it is obvious from the holy bible that the whole mankind was contaminated by the sin microbe, the same thing was explained by the quran as we will see
 

First: Adam's sin

The quran testified that Adam was created in the best image
 

1) The fig chapter (Surat Al-tin) 4:" We created man of the best stature"

This verse declares that God created Adam in the most wonderful image in purity & righteousness (the best stature)

Concerning Adam's sin it was mentioned in:
 

2) The cow chapter (Surat Al-Baqarah) 35-38:
'And we said: "O Adam! Dwell you and your wife in the Paradise and eat both oafs you freely with pleasure and delight of things therein as wherever you will, but come not near this tree or you both will be of the wrong-doers." Then the Satan made them slip there from the Paradise, and got them out from that in which they were. We said: "Get you down, all, with enmity between yourselves. On earth will be a dwelling place for you and an enjoyment for a time."
From this we saw the role of Satan in enticing Adam & Eve to eat from the tree that was forbidden by God to eat from; therefore they fell in the sin
3) Ta-Ha chapter (Surat Ta-Ha) 117-123:
"Then we said: "O Adam! Verily, this is an enemy (Satan) to you and to your wife. So let him not get you both out of Paradise, so that you will be distressed in misery. .... Then Satan whispered to him, saying: "O Adam! Shall I lead you to the Tree of eternity and to a kingdom that will never waste away (never ends)?" Then they both ate of the tree, and so their private parts appeared to them, and they began to stick on themselves the leaves from Paradise for their covering. Thus Adam disobeyed his Lord, so he went astray"
From that we see how Adam fell into the sin when he disobeyed his Lord
Second: the sin of Adam's offerings:
The quran & the Islamic scholars explain the sins of the mankind as follows:
1) Joseph chapter (Surat Yusuf) 53: "Verily the human self is inclined to evil", meaning that the human self in its fallen nature is leaning to the evil , that's what was explained by Imam Al-Razy as we will see in the following point:
2)  Imam Al -Razy (one of the most famous quran annotators) said: the human self has an inclination to the ugly things, wishing the disobedience; the human nature is craving for the lusts
3)  Al- Tirmoudhi ( he is Isa Mohammed bin Isa, one of the most important collectors  of the prophetical verses) narrated from Abu-Hurairah, the prophet said: Adam repudiated therefore his offerings repudiated, he forgot & ate from the tree therefore his offerings forgot, he sinned therefore his offerings sinned"
From that it is obvious that the human self inherited the sin from Adam, therefore succumbed to the captivity of the sin which dominated the whole mankind

Thirdly: The sins of the prophets;
The quran mentions the sins of the prophets also very clearly as we will explain from the following:
1) Abraham;
Abraham chapter (Surat Ibrahim) 41" Ibrahim says:" Our Lord! Forgive me and my parents, and all the believers on the Day when the reckoning will be established." so here Ibrahim is asking for the forgiveness, how could a man ask for the forgiveness unless he actually had sinned?
2) Moses:
The story chapter (Surat Al-Qasas) 15, 16 "And he entered the city at a time of unawareness of its people, and he found there two men fighting, - one of his party, and the other of his foes. The man of his own party asked him for help against his foe, so Moses struck him (kicked him) with his fist and killed him. He said: "This is of Satan's doing, verily; he is a plain misleading enemy." He said: "O My Lord! Verily, I have wronged myself, so forgive me." Then He forgave him. Verily, He is the Oft-Forgiving, the Most Merciful. "So Moses after  he killed the man asked for forgiveness.
3) The quran mentions about the prophet Mohammed the following:
Victory chapter (Surat Al-Fath) 2: "Allah may forgive you, your sins of the past and the future"
Imam Al-Nasfy explains this saying (he will forgive you whatever you have done)
And in The Opening Forth chapter (Surat Ash-Sharh) 1-3: Have we not opened your breast for you? And removed from you your burden, which weighed down your back?
Meaning that he take off his sins which weighed down his back
In Sahih Al-Bokhary part 2 page 134:
The prophet peace upon him was invoking:"O God I see refuge by you from the grave torment & the fire torment"
Also in Sahih Al-Bokhary The prophet peace upon him was saying: "no one will be admitted to the paradise except by the grace of almighty god, they said neither do you messenger of God? He replied neither do I unless I was involved by the mercy of God "
Narrated Al-Alaghar bin yaser al mazny:" The prophet peace upon him said: O people repent to God & ask for his forgiveness, I repent to him daily hundred times "(Sahih Muslim, the book of righteous  garden from the book of the master of the messengers by Imam Al-Nawawy page 9 )
From the above it is obvious that quran is mentioning the prophets sins , we will mention here the Islamic & the Islamic sects view concerning the prophets sins
Islam is categorizing the sins into; grave sins as (adultery, steeling, murdering etc) & minor sins (like banging etc...)
Islam is saying the prophets are infallibles in some of the grave sins (as adultery, steeling, murdering) but the rest of these grave sins they may fall in them before they start their mission (i.e. before their prophecy begins) {as said by the Sunnah who are a big Islamic sector), concerning the minor sins they may fall in them before they start their mission deliberately & they may fall in them after they start their mission unintentionally
On this Mr: Hassen Metoaly the lecturer in the religion institute in Cairo commented saying: this doesn't contradict naming it a transgression necessitating forgiveness & being a sin requiring confession  ( Al-tawheed & Al-ferak note page 38,39)
So as we have seen the sin passed to the whole mankind even the prophets themselves had fallen under its domination whether deliberately or unintentionally & the holy bible affirmed this saying: "for she has thrown down many wounded. Yes, many strong men have been slain by her." (Proverbs 7:26), also it said "They have all turned aside. They have together become unprofitable. There is no one who does good, no, not, so much as one." (Romans 3:12)

This is concerning the sin microbe which passed to the whole mankind, we will put all these factors in a simplified table to summarize the whole subject, focus on it & recapitulate it in a quick look

 
In Islam
In the Christianity
Subject
We created man of the best stature
{The fig chapter (Surat Al-tin)
 
God created man in his own image.
In God's image he created him (genesis1)

Adam's
sin
"O Adam! Dwell you and your wife
in the Paradise and eat both oafs
you freely with pleasure and delight
of things therein as wherever you
will but come not near this tree or
you both will be of the wrong-doers
{The cow chapter (Surat Al-Baqarah)}
God commanded the man, saying, "Of every tree of the garden you may freely eat; but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, you shall not eat of it; for in the day that you eat of it you will surely die (genesis2)

Satan whispered to him, saying:
 "O Adam Shall I lead you to the tree
of eternity and to a kingdom that
will never waste away Then they
both ate of the tree, and so their
private parts appeared to them, and
they began to stick on themselves
the leaves from Paradise for their
covering. Thus Adam disobeyed his Lord, so he went astray"
"{Ta-Ha chapter (Surat Ta-Ha)}
The serpent said to the woman, "You won't surely die, for God knows that in the day you eat it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God knowing good and evil." she took of its fruit, and ate and she gave her husband and he ate, the eyes of both of them were opened, and they knew that they were naked. They sewed fig leaves together, and made themselves aprons.( genesis 3 )

Adam's
offspring
sin
Verily the human self is inclined to
evil" Joseph chapter (Surat Yusuf)

meaning that the human self has an
inclination to the ugly things
wishing the disobedience & the
human nature is craving for
the lusts { Imam Al-Razy tafsir (exegesis) }

"but I see a different law in my members, warring against the law of my mind, and bringing me into captivity under the law of sin which is in my members"( Romans 7:23)

Ibrahim says:" Our Lord! Forgive
me and my parents and all
the believers on the day when the
reckoning will be established
{Abraham chapter (Surat Ibrahim)}

Abraham lied (Genesis 12, 20)
Prophets
sins
Moses killed & said: O My Lord! Verily, I have wronged myself, so forgive me {The story chapter (Surat Al-Qasas)}

Moses killed (Exodus 2)

Mohammed: Allah may forgive you
your sins of the past and the future
{Victory chapter ( Surat Al-Fath) }

The prophet was invoking God I see
refuge by you from the grave torment & the fire torment
{ Sahih Al-Bokhary, part2 page134 }

Noah got drunk (Genesis 9)

Chapter two
The punishment verdict
 

Part one: the sin punishment in the Christianity
Part two: the sin punishment in the Islam

Part one:
The sin punishment in the Christianity
 

What is God's attitude towards Adam's sin & the sin of his offspring (the whole mankind)?
To know that we have to discuss first the absolute characters of God, especially the character of absolute fairness as God is a fair ruler so he should punish Adam & his offspring for their sins, let us clarify this from the Christian point of view

First: God is a fair ruler

It is very obvious that one of the characters of God is being a fair ruler, Prophet David is saying in the psalms {God is a righteous judge} (Psalm 7:11)

So as God is a fair ruler he should judge the criminals for their crimes & punish the evils as world judges are doing in the courts

Here we are asking what is God's judgment for the sinner self?

All of us know the judgment of world judges over the criminals, they are either sentenced them to death, life time prison or to be jailed for a period of time, the punishment is determined in relation to the severity on the crime, as the punishment of the one who committed a mistake against a normal person  differs from that of the one who committed a mistake against a higher rank like the state president & definitely differs if he had  mistaken against God
 
So what was the punishment of Adam & his offspring? That what we will explain in the following:

Second: the punishment of Adam & his offspring

Adam disobeyed God by eating from the tree that God forbid him from eating from it
So he became a wrongdoer to God, God warned him from the punishment he will get if he disobeyed his command & ate from that tree , as he said to him:
"The day that you eat of it you will surely die." (Genesis 2:17)

As Adam ate from the tree the death sentence was due on him & his offspring, as we have seen in the previous chapter everyone had sinned & became under the domain of sin so everybody is a criminal to God & deserves God's fair punishment which is the death as the holy revelation said by prophet Ezekiel: "the soul who sins, he shall die" (Ezekiel 18:4), here we are confronted with an important question

What is the death sentence imposed on Adam & his offspring?

To answer this question we say that the death sentence includes the spiritual death
 moral death & the eternal death so let us clarify these three aspects in the following:

1) The spiritual death:

God created Adam & put him in the Garden of Eden to live there forever but when he sinned God sent him forth from it, as the holy bible said: God sent him forth from the Garden of Eden.... So he drove out the man"" (genesis 3: 23, 24)

God placed angel with a  flaming sword to prevent Adam from coming back to the Garden of Eden as his original pure nature created  by God became impure & is no longer suitable with the sacred life in the paradise, that's what we call the spiritual death which is the separation from God & exiting from his holy presence

Naturally those born from those parents had to inherit their impure mistaking nature which deserves God's fair verdict which is death, so the holy bible said;" in Adam all die."(1 Corinthians 15:22)

As the whole mankind inherited the impure nature of their parents the nature which is craving for the pleasures & lusts so committing many sins as we have seen in the previous chapter, all of this deserve the death sentence, so the holy bible said: "Therefore, as sin entered into the world through one man, and death through sin; and so death passed to all men, because all sinned."(Romans 5:12)

This is about the spiritual death by exiting from paradise & the separation from God, but there is another kind of death which is:

2) The moral death (which is the disgrace):

Actually when God created man he created him on his image & gave him eminent dignity & placed him in the garden of Aden, but when he sinned against God he was expelled from the paradise, he lost the dignity bestowed to him & he was overwhelmed by the disgrace & infamy. He found himself stripped from the righteousness & holiness, that's what is really happening to the sinner as the holy bible is saying: "Righteousness exalts a nation, but sin is a disgrace to any people" (Proverbs 14:34),

one of the best proof to this disgrace is the story of the gigantic Samson who left the sacred life he was living in & fell into the sin with Delilah, so what happened to him? , he lost his eyes & was spinning around in the mill like an animal & was mocked at, he was covered by the disgrace & infamy

That's what we mean by the moral death, in which man passes through as an inevitable consequence for the sin & there is a third type of death which is:

3) The eternal death:

The punishment of the sinners is not only confined to expelling from the paradise & not returning back to it but it includes also casting in the hell for good that's what we mean by the eternal death

The holy bible is mentioning what the lord is telling the wicked in the Day of Judgment "'Depart from me, you cursed, into the eternal fire which is prepared for the devil and his angels" (Matthew 25:41)

"The angels will come forth, ....., and will cast them (  i.e. casting  the wicked ) into the furnace of fire.. (Matthew 13:49)

This is about the sin punishment which is the spiritual, moral & eternal death from the christian point of view, now we will shift to the sin punishment from the islamic point of view
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Part two
The punishment of sin in Islam
 

Islam admits that the punishment of sin is:

1) The spiritual death: (expelling form the paradise)
Ta-Ha chapter (Surat Ta-Ha):" Then Satan whispered to him, saying "O Adam! Shall I lead you to the Tree of eternity and to a kingdom that will never waste away (never ends)?" Then they both ate of the tree, and so their private parts appeared to them, and they began to stick on themselves the leaves from Paradise for their covering. Thus Adam disobeyed his Lord, so he went astray, Allah said:" Get you down from it (the paradise), all of you, together" here God spoke to Adam & Eve who are two by saying all of you ( meaning pleural ( more than two in Arabic))
Imam Al-Bidawy explained this saying "he was speaking to them by saying all of you as they are the origin of the mankind, so as if they are the whole mankind,
Imam Al-Nasfy clarified what was also mentioned on the cow chapter (Surat Al-Baqarah)} about the expelling of Adam:" Get you down from it.., some of you are an enemy to some others." saying: although he was speaking to Adam & Eve, , he was telling them all of you ( not both of you), meaning Adam & Eve& their offspring as they are the origin of the mankind, so as if they are the whole mankind (Imam Al-Nasfy tafsir( exegesis part 1)
From this we can see that, the punishment of sin is the spiritual death & also:
2) The moral death (which is the disgrace & infamy):
The punishment of sin includes also the disgrace & infamy which is correlated with the sinner in this world also, in this the quran said in: The Groups (Surat Az-Zumar) "So Allah made them to taste the disgrace in the present life, but greater is the torment of the Hereafter "
The great scholar Sheikh Abdullah yousef Ali commented on this verse saying: the sin usually results into disgrace & infamy in this world, but the greatest punishment is in the thereafter (English translation of the meaning of the noble quran page 1188)
From this we see the punishment of sin is the disgrace & infamy,
Now we will mention the testimony of the quran on the eternal death in the following:
 

3) The eternal death (i.e. casting in the hell)
"Whosoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger, then verily, for him is the Fire of Hell, he shall dwell therein forever." the jinn chapter (Surat Al-jinn) 23,
 From this verse it is obvious that whosoever disobeys God, he will be punished by the Fire of Hell, we have seen before in:
Ta-Ha chapter (Surat Ta-Ha) " Thus Adam disobeyed his Lord, so he went astray" so as  Adam disobeyed his lord so the verdict he got is casting in the Fire of Hell & so on with everyone who sins as it will be explained from the following verse :"
"Whosoever earns evil and his sin has surrounded him, they are dwellers of the Fire "The cow chapter (Surat Al-Baqarah) 81
In the previous chapter we have seen that the whole mankind had sinned so deserved the fire of the hell as will be explained from the following verse Mary Chapter( Surat Maryam) 71:" There is not one of you but will pass over it (i.e. Hell) this is with your Lord; a decree which must be accomplished"
From that it is obvious that Adam & his offspring as they sinned they deserved the fire of hell which is the eternal death besides, the spiritual death &the moral death
As we see this is the common ground between the christian creed & the Islamic creed

                           Summary of the second Chapter (the punishment)

Subject
In the Christianity
In Islam
God is fair ruler
{God is a righteous judge} (Psalm 7:11)

Verily, Allah enjoins justice, (the Bee chapter (Surat An-Nahl)
And Allah judges, there is none to put back His Judgement, (the thunder chapter (Surat Ar-Rad)
The punishment of sin
1) The spiritual death: (expelling form the paradise)

"God sent him forth from the Garden of Eden" (genesis 3)
"so death passed to all men, because all sinned"(Romans 5)
"Get you down from it (the paradise), all of you "{Ta-Ha chapter(Surat Ta-Ha)}
meaning the two of them & their offspring ,( Imam Al-Nasfy)
2)The moral death (the disgrace)
Righteousness exalts a nation, but sin is a disgrace to any people"(Proverbs 14:34)
The disgrace of Samson the gigantic
" Allah made them to taste the disgrace in the present life, but greater is the torment of the Hereafter" (The company chapter (Surat Az-Zumar) 26 )
"the sin usually results into disgrace & infamy in this world, but the greatest punishment is in the thereafter" (Sheikh Abdullah yousef)

3) casting in the hell
'Depart from me, you cursed, into the eternal fire"
( Matthew 25:41)

"And shall cast them into the furnace of fire: there shall be the weeping and the gnashing of teeth." (Matthew 13:42)

"Whosoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger, then verily, for him is the Fire of Hell, he shall dwell therein forever"{ the jinn chapter (Surat Al-jinn)}
"Whosoever earns evil and his sin has surrounded him, they are dwellers of the Fire,"{ the cow chapter (Surat Al-Baqarah)}

Chapter three
The gift of forgiveness

Part one: the forgiveness in the Christianity
Part two: the forgiveness in the Islam
 

Part one

the forgiveness in the Christianity

As we have seen in the previous chapter the attitude of God, the fair ruler, towards the sinners, as he judge them with the severe punishment which is the spiritual, moral & eternal death
That's as regards God's fairness, but we have to put into consideration also that one of the characters of God is the mercy, so what is the act of mercy?
Isn't the forgiveness one of the acts of mercy? Of course it is.
So it's an act of God's mercy to grant the sinner the forgiveness, that's what we will clarify in the following:

First; God is merciful & forgiver:

The mercy is one of the characters of God; this was clarified in the holy bible in
many verses of these: "the lord is a merciful and gracious God, ..., forgiving iniquity
and disobedience and sin" (Exodus 34:6, 7)

This means that God is showing his mercy for the sinners & forgiving them from the
punishment they deserve because of their sins, so he has to save them from the
death sentence
That's what we will speak about in the next point:

Second; The salvation of Adam & his offspring:

The holy bible explains that the salvation is one of the acts of God's mercy saying
that God "according to his mercy, he saved us" (Titus 3:5), this salvation has to
include:

1) The return of Adam & his offspring to the paradise:

As the verdict was to expel Adam & his offspring from the paradise, but because of
God's mercy & forgiveness Adam has to be allowed to return once again to the paradise, so the Christ said to the right thief who was crucified with him:" Truly I tell you, today you will be with me in Paradise." (Luke 23:43)

The holy revelation is saying through Apostle John: "To him who overcomes I will give to eat of the tree of life, which is in the Paradise of my God."(Revelation 2:7)
From that it is obvious that God through his mercy allowed the mankind to return back to the paradise

2) The salvation from hell

Also as the verdict was to cast Adam & his offspring in the fire of hell eternally, but the forgiveness necessitates God' salvation from that fire & giving them eternal happy life, so the holy bible says:" For the wages of sin is death; but the free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord" (Romans 6:23)

This is the Christian creed regarding the forgiveness of Adam & his offspring who are the whole mankind, the forgiveness as we explained include lifting the death sentence over them & allowing them to return to the lost paradise & the kingdom of heaven
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Part two
The forgiveness in Islam

We have seen that the forgiveness in Christianity is based on God being Most Merciful & Oft-Forgiving & through his mercy he saved Adam & his offspring from the death so he opened to them to the door of paradise & saved them from the fire of hell, Islam attested that:

First; God is All merciful & forgiver

The Groups chapter (Surat Az-zumar) 53:"Allah forgives all sins. Truly, He is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful".
Imam Al-Ghazaly said about God's mercy" God's mercy is plenary & inclusive, being inclusive as it includes the world & afterlife (Al-Maksed Al-Asna, the explanation of the nice names attributed to God? page 23)
Imam Al-Ghazaly said also about God being the Oft-Forgiving' the forgiving is the one revealing the bright aspect & covering the ugly one and the sins are among the ugly things that need to be covered, so he covered  them by sending the screening over them here in the world & bypassing the punishment in the afterlife (Al-Maksed Al-Asna, the explanation of the nice Names attributed to God? page 66)
We have seen here from what we have extracted the forgiving mercy character of Almighty God, we will see how this forgiving mercy necessitates the salvation of man from the punishments he deserves
Second: The salvation of Adam & his offspring:
Actually Islam attested that God's forgiving mercy had made possible for the man to return back to the paradise as we will see from the following:
1) The return of Adam & his offspring to the paradise:
The Rank chapter (Surat As-Saff) 12:"He will forgive your sins, and admit you into Gardens under which rivers flow "here he clarifies that the return of Adam to the paradise from which he was expelled is from the act of forgiveness "
2) The salvation from the fire of hell:
The Family of Imran chapter (Surat Aal-Imran) 103:" You were on the brink of a pit of Fire, and He saved you from it."
Imam Al-Nasfy explains this saying: they were about to fall in a pit of Fire of hell and He saved you from it" {Al-Nasfy exegesis (tafsir) part 1}
What a forgiving mercy that forgave man & returned him back to what he was before committing the sin
                        Summary of the Third Chapter ( the forgiveness)

              Subject
In the Christianity
In Islam
1)-God is merciful & forgiver:
the lord is a merciful and
gracious God, forgiving
iniquity and disobedience
and sin" (Exodus 34:6, 7)
 

Allah forgives all sins. Truly, He is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful"( The Groups chapter (Surat Az-zumar) 53)
" God's mercy is plenary & inclusive, including those who deserve & those who don't' (Imam Al-Ghazaly)

2-The salvation of Adam & his offspring:
The return of Adam & his offspring to the paradise
The salvation from the fire of hell
Today you will be with me in Paradise." (Luke 23:43)

"For the wages of sin is death; but the free gift of God is eternal life" (Romans 6:23)
 
 
 

"He will forgive your sins, and admit you into Gardens under which rivers flow"( The Rank chapter (Surat As-Saff)12)
"You were on the brink of a pit of Fire, and He saved you from it."( The Family of Imran chapter (Surat Aal-Imran) 103 )
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Finally

We have seen in that part how God created Adam in a state of purity & righteousness, but when he sinned enticed by Satan, he fell from the eternal life & was expelled from the paradise of blissfulness; he deserved the death sentence according to God's fair judgment, but God in his deep love & plenary of mercy wanted to forgive Adam & his offspring from their sins & lift their punishment
That's not an easy matter, as how  can God after he announced an adjudgment of punishment to cancel  it?, and he is plenary in his fairness, so if he forgave Adam the sinner ,that will be unfair & how it will be then if he also negated his adjudgment!
On the other side, if he didn't grant Adam & his offspring an amnesty, so where is his mercy?
So as we see there is a gave problem demanding a wise solution for syncretizing
between his fairness & mercy

That's our main subject in the second part of this series, as we'll declare the wise solution which was set forth by the plenary God's wisdom, supported by the holy bible verse& we will mention also the Islamic point of view.

JesusMarie.com------Islam